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1、as的词性、词义与接续方法 as的用法复杂，主要在于其词性和词义多且缺乏对应关系，但是通过仔细分析归纳不难发现： 1️⃣表示「随着」「因为」「尽管」等三种词义时，as必然是连词，引导状语从句，即 [as连词引导词 + 完整句子] 时间/原因/让步状语从句 2️⃣表示「作为」时，as必然是介词，表示「A = B」的关系，即A就是B，后接名词性成分组成介宾短语，做后置定语、状语或补语，即「as介词 + 名词性成分」介宾短语-后置定语/状语/补语 3️⃣最复杂的是as表示「A ≈ B」的关系，即A相当于B，这种用法横跨介词、关系代词、连词和副词4种词性，接续方法各不相同，在不同语境中翻译也略有区别： 「as介词 + 名词性成分」介宾短语-状语/补语 先行词/整句 + (as关系代词 + 不完整句)定语从句 [as连词引导词 + 完整句子]方式/比较状语从句 as副词 + 形容词/副词/介宾短语  1️⃣连词：[as连词引导词 + 完整句子]时间/原因/让步状语从句（A ≈ B 见3️⃣） 随着 The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.因为 That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.尽管 as引导让步状语从句，须用部分倒装，一般将表语、状语或实义动词前置。 ① 表语前置 Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.② 状语前置 As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear.③ 实义动词前置 Try as he might, he could not forget it.2️⃣介词：「as介词 + 名词性成分」介宾短语-后置定语/状语/补语，表示「作为」（A = B） [As a 5-year-old boy] 介宾短语-状语, I couldn’t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt.3️⃣ A ≈ B 先行词/整句 + (as关系代词 + 不完整句)定语从句，「像…那样」、「如同」 ① 用于限制性定语从句（修饰先行词，常与the same、such、so、as连用） I have the same trouble先行词 (as关系代词 {you had}不完整句)定语从句.② 用于非限制性定语从句（指代整句话） As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.as副词 + 形容词/副词/介宾短语，「一样」 These guys were just as副词 green形容词 as连词 I was, but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.「as介词 + 名词性成分」介宾短语-后置定语/状语/补语，「如同」 Are we, as humans, gaining any insight on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract [as a Charlie Parker record] 介宾短语-状语 gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?[as连词引导词 + 完整句子]方式/比较状语从句，「如同/ 像…那样/ 以…方式」 Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as连词引导词some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.从以上例子可以看出，表示「A ≈ B」的关系时，as介词和as连词用法接近，主要以接续方法区分，as介词后接名词性成分等组成介宾短语，as连词后接完整句子组成比较状语从句（常省略与主句重复部分），两者往往可以转化。 However, race walking does not pound the body as副词 much as连词 running does, Dr. Norberg says.↔️ However, race walking does not pound the body as副词 much as介词 running, Dr. Norberg says.类似地，表示「A ≈ B」的关系时，as + X也往往可以有两种分析： The issue is not the need for more houses but, [as介词 always副词]介宾短语-状语, where to put them.↔️ The issue is not the need for more houses but, as连词 ( )省略it (the issue) has always副词 ( )省略been, where to put them. 2、as…as…平级比较平级比较用「as/so...as...」，表示比较对象就某种属性进行比较。严格来说，第一个as是副词，修饰其后的形容词或副词，部分情况下可替换为so。第二个as一般是连词，引导比较状语从句；如果第二个as后只接代词或名词，则为介词，组成介宾短语做状语。 1️⃣对象不同，属性相同 They对象1 were generally not as educated属性 as {the people who remained in England}对象2 (were)可省略 ( )必须省略educated.2️⃣对象相同，属性不同 The girl对象 is as brilliant属性1 as she对象 is beautiful属性2.3️⃣对象不同，属性不同 如果对象和属性均不同，一般是比较对象1的属性1和对象2的属性2的数值或程度。 This swimming pool对象1 is twice as wide属性1 as that one对象2 is long属性2.4️⃣对象相同，属性相同 如果对象和属性均相同，一般是比较同一对象同一属性在不同情况下的程度。 She对象 is as happy属性 as ( )省略she can be ( )省略属性happy.「as X as」常见搭配 很多「as X as」搭配由于常见，往往可以整体理解。 as many as/ as much as 多达 ①「as many as介词/ as much as介词」整体近似前置定语，往往后接数量词。 Diabete rates in 12 states have jumped significantly, now affecting as many as 12.2% of adults in Alabama—the state with the highest obesity rates.②「as many as连词/ as much as连词」整体近似连词引导词，引导比较状语从句 According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.as long as ①长达（本义） 长度：It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined.时间：Her gaze returns; she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.②只要（引申义） I don’t care who you are, where you’re from, what you did, as long as you love me.as well as ①一样好（本义） Other people say that you are illiterate if you think that you are illiterate. In other words, if you feel that you can't read or write as well as you would like to.②也（引申义），整体近似并列连词and Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.as soon as 一…就… As soon as I saw the location, I knew this was it.平级比较的否定 「as/so…as…」的否定为「not as/so…as…」。 He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was.3、as词组上文仔细区分了as的词义、词性和接续方法，对于as…as…等词组也拆分辨别，这在语法分析上是有意义的。但是在语言学习中，这些词组往往被视为整体，无需仔细区分其内部结构。 as follows 如下 One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.as from/ as of 自…起、截止到... For young adults without a bachelor's degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner.as for/ as to/ as regards 关于/至于 As for the organization itself, it declined a request for an interview.as against 和…相比 The figure was 75% this year, as against 35% last year.as and when 当…时 Drop in as and when you want.as if/ as though 好像 I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened.asap [ˈeɪsæp] = as soon as possible 尽快 Mary should get rid of her pet as soon as possible.such as 比如 Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.so as to 为了 Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.
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